Lung Cancer NGS Panel

The Lung Cancer NGS Panel is an advanced and precise genetic test designed to detect mutations and alterations in the DNA of lung cancer cells. This cutting-edge test uses Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology to analyze the genetic makeup of lung cancer cells, offering a comprehensive and personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment planning. It is an essential tool for oncologists in Dubai to assess patients with suspected or diagnosed lung cancer and provide the most accurate treatment recommendations based on their unique genetic profile.

Purpose / Clinical Significance:

• The Lung Cancer NGS Panel is primarily used for the detection of genetic mutations associated with lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

• This test aids in identifying the molecular drivers of cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment and predict potential responses to specific therapies.

• It is crucial for early detection of mutations that may influence prognosis and guide personalized treatment plans, improving outcomes for patients.

Principle:

• The test utilizes Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, which allows for the parallel sequencing of multiple genes at once, offering a high-resolution view of the genetic alterations in lung cancer.

• The Lung Cancer NGS Panel targets a wide range of genes commonly mutated in lung cancer, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and more, providing a comprehensive molecular landscape.

• NGS is a highly sensitive and precise method that allows for the detection of rare mutations that other methods might miss.

Specimen Requirements:

• Sample Type: The required specimen for this test is a tissue biopsy or blood sample (liquid biopsy), which contains cancerous cells or DNA.

• Tissue Requirements: A small portion of the lung tissue obtained through a biopsy, ideally containing sufficient cancerous tissue for accurate genetic analysis.

• Preparation: No special preparation is needed before collection. However, the sample should be collected by a healthcare professional and sent to a certified laboratory for testing.

Common Methods:

• Tissue Biopsy: A sample of tumor tissue is taken directly from the patient’s lung, typically through a bronchoscopy or CT-guided biopsy.

• Liquid Biopsy: In cases where a tissue biopsy is difficult or not possible, a blood test may be used to identify circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), providing a non-invasive alternative for genetic analysis.

• NGS Sequencing: The DNA extracted from the specimen is sequenced using advanced NGS technology to identify genetic mutations and alterations specific to lung cancer.

Interpretation of Results:

• Positive Results: Detection of specific mutations like EGFR, ALK, or KRAS genes indicates potential targets for specific therapies such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

• Negative Results: No detectable mutations. This may suggest the cancer is driven by other, undetectable genetic factors or environmental influences.

• Variants of Unknown Significance (VUS): Occasionally, results may show genetic alterations that are not yet fully understood, requiring further investigation or monitoring.

Reference Range:

• The reference range varies depending on the gene being tested. For example:

  • EGFR mutations: Specific mutations in the EGFR gene are associated with sensitivity to targeted therapies.

  • ALK fusion: Detection of ALK gene fusions suggests the use of ALK inhibitors as treatment.

  • KRAS mutations: Indicating potential resistance to certain treatments but guiding alternative therapy options.

• The lab will provide a detailed report based on the specific mutations or alterations identified in the sample.

Follow-up Testing:

• If mutations are detected, further testing may be required to assess the patient’s response to specific treatments, such as:

  • Targeted therapy monitoring: Regular tests to evaluate the effectiveness of therapies such as EGFR inhibitors or ALK inhibitors.

  • CT scans or MRIs: To monitor tumor progression or regression after initiating targeted treatments.

• Follow-up tests can also help detect any emerging resistance mutations, ensuring continuous optimization of treatment.

Conclusion:

The Lung Cancer NGS Panel is an indispensable tool for patients in Dubai seeking precise genetic insights into their lung cancer diagnosis. By identifying specific genetic mutations, this test enables healthcare professionals to provide personalized treatment options that can significantly improve outcomes. Whether for early detection, monitoring, or guiding treatment decisions, the Lung Cancer NGS Panel ensures patients receive the most accurate and effective care available.